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Scientific Publication on Proradix:
„Evaluation of natural and synthetic stimulants of plant immunity by microarray technology“
Abstract
- Induction of local defence, as well as systemic resistance, of plants is associated with transcriptional reprogramming. Here we report on defence gene induction by natural and synthetic stimulants of plant immunity.
- Gene expression changes in Arabidopsis thaliana were monitored in response to several plant immunity stimulants (plant activators) using Northern blotting and an application-based array representing c. 750 genes involved in several aspects of plant defence and/or plant stress.
- The commercial plant activators Bio-S, Neudo-Vital and PRORADIX have been shown to induce systemic resistance. Here, Neudo-Vital, PRORADIX and Bio-Streatment induced different patterns of salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) accumulation. Gene induction by these plant activators proved to be very complex. Rather than simply mimicking one of the known defence pathways induced by SA or JA, the response to the plant activators showed aspects of both major defence systems. A general feature was the transient activation of JA biosynthesis genes, combined with a much more sustained SA-associated defence gene induction.
- Our results demonstrate that plant immunity stimulants activate systemic immunity at the transcriptional level, and they provide insight into the coordinated transcriptional regulation of several classes of plant defence genes.
Scientific Publications on Proradix:
„Improved Mycorrhisation in Tomato by Soil Inoculation with Pseudomonas Sp. Proradix“
Scientific Publication on Salavida:
„Effect of bacterial antgonists on lettuce: active biocontrol of Rhicoctonia solani and negligible, short-term effects on nontarget microorganisms“
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the biocontrol efficacy against Rhizoctonia solani of three bacterial antagonists introduced into naturally Rhizoctonia-infested lettuce fields and to analyse their impact on the indigenous plant-associated bacteria and fungi. Lettuce seedlings were inoculated with bacterial suspensions of two endophytic strains, Serratia plymuthica 3Re4-18 and Pseudomonas trivialis 3Re2-7, and with the rhizobacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens L13-6-12 7 days before and 5 days after planting in the field. Similar statistically significant biocontrol effects were observed for all applied bacterial antagonists compared with the uninoculated control. Single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis of 16S rRNA gene or ITS1 fragments revealed a highly diverse rhizosphere and a less diverse endophytic microbial community for lettuce. Representatives of several bacterial (Alpha-, Beta- and Gammaproteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteriodetes), fungal (Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes) and protist (Oomycetes) groups were present inside or on lettuce plants. Surprisingly, given that lettuce is a vegetable that is eaten raw, species of genera such as Flavobacterium, Burkholderia, Staphylococcus, Cladosporium and Aspergillus, which contain potentially human pathogenic strains, were identified. Analysis of the indigenous bacterial and endophytic fungal populations revealed only negligible, short-term effects resulting from the bacterial treatments, and that they were more influenced by field site, plant growth stage and microenvironment.
Scientific Publication on Salavida:
„Molecular approaches to improve biocontrol of soil-borne fungal pathogens“
Abstract
The highly toxic and climatically relevant soil fumigant methyl bromide was used to suppress soil-borne pathogens, which cause high yield losses world-wide. To develop environmentally friendly alternatives in plant protection, two target pathogens with a broad host range and high economic importance were studied: Verticillium dahliae Kleb. and Rhizoctonia solani Kühn. Strategies to select the most efficient antagonists were developed on the basis of hierarchical systems combining microbiological, molecular and phytopathological methods. To control Verticillium wilt, the biocontrol agent (BCA) Serratia plymuthica HRO- C48 was selected. The strain shows high antifungal and plant growth promoting activity and posses no risk for the environment and human health. RhizoStar® is registered and produced by Enema, Raisdorf, Germany. For a biocontrol of Rhizoctonia diseases another strategy was developed: a combination of fungal and bacterial antagonists has been applied. While the fungi are used for direct disease protection and parasitism of sclerotia and hyphae, endophytic bacteria are applied to enhance plant growth and protect against the pathogen from outside and inside the rhizosphere. The mode of action of BCAs and of interaction with microbial community was studied using molecular and microscopic techniques (FISH in combination with Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy). Results of these investigations lead to new strategies in application and formulation of BCAs.